Skills & Transferability In Social Security Disability & SSI Cases
By:Randy Rosenblatt, Esq.
General
The skill and skill transferability analysis is critical for claimants 50 and older as it often determines if a Social Security disability and SSI case is awarded. The most significant concern is that Social Security may determine a claimant is not disabled because he has work skills that transfer to other work when, in fact, he does not have 1) work skills or 2) he does have work skills, but they do not transferable to other work. It is common that Social Security, and the vocational experts it uses, do not understand Social Security’s definition of a skill or Social Security’s 8-step transferable skills process.
Social Security defines a skill and gives examples of skills. Social Security defines skill transferability and provides an 8-step transferable skills evaluation process; unfortunately, all leave much to be desired. In any Social Security disability case, a five-point skill analysis/cross-examination, and a three-point transferable skills analysis/cross-examination must be employed to determine whether a client has learned a skill and whether it is transferable.
Skills
Overview
Social Security defines a skill in one of three ways: 1) definition, 2) example, and 3) assumption made from cited semi-skilled and skilled job examples. The first two methods are helpful. The third method is unhelpful and wrought with pitfalls because, in all cases, when Social Security discusses job duties performed in semi-skilled or skilled jobs, it does not distinguish between work duties that are skilled and those that are not; rather, it conflates the two and assumes that all job duties are skills.
The skill definition and examples are primarily discussed in Social Security Ruling (SSR) 82-41, and secondarily discussed in three Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) sections and mainly three Program Operations Manual System (POMS) sections. The Social Security Act and the Hearings, Appeals, and Litigation Manual (HALLEX) do not discuss the skill definition or give skill examples.
Definition Of A Skill
SSR 82-41. SSR 82-41 defines a skill was having three criteria:
It is knowledge of a work activity which requires the exercise of significant judgment;
It requires more than 30 days to learn; and
It is knowledge of the principles and processes of an art, science, or trade.
CFR. CFR 404.1568 and 416.968 define skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled work, and should be read with caution. SSR 82-41 was issued to address the “misinterpretations and misapplications” resulting from reliance on the CFR regarding the issues of skills and skill transferability. This was necessary because the skill definitions and examples discussed in the CFR are vague. For example, SSR 82-41 clarifies the aforementioned CFR sections on the issue of semi-skilled work, “the regulations’s definition of semiskilled work in regulations sections 404.1568(b) and 416.968(b) states that semiskilled jobs ‘may require alertness and close attention … coordination and dexterity … as when hands or feet must be moved quickly to do repetitive tasks.’ These descriptive terms are not intended, however, to illustrate types of skills, in and of themselves. The terms describe worker traits (aptitudes or abilities) rather than acquired work skills.”
Further, the discussion in CFR 404.1568 & 416.968 about semi-skilled and skilled work is general without a specific discussion of what a skill is; each discusses only possible examples of skills what semi-skilled or skilled work “may” require. Both sections do not address skill transferability at all.
The CFR definitions of skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled work are as follows:
Unskilled work is work which needs little or no judgment to do simple duties that can be learned on the job in a short time period. The job may or may not require considerable strength. For example, we consider jobs unskilled if the primary work duties are handling, feeding and off-bearing (that is, placing or removing materials from machines which are automatic or operated by others), or machine tending, and a person can usually learn to do the job in 30 days, and little specific vocational preparation and judgment are needed (CFR 404.1568 & 416.968(a)).
Semi-skilled work is work which needs some skills but does not require doing the more complex work duties. Semi-skilled jobs may require alertness and close attention to watching machine processes; or inspecting, testing or otherwise looking for irregularities; or tending or guarding equipment, property, materials, or persons against loss, damage or injury; or other types of activities which are similarly less complex than skilled work, but more complex than unskilled work. A job may be classified as semi-skilled where coordination and dexterity are necessary, as when hands or feet must be moved quickly to do repetitive tasks (CFR 404.1568 & 416.968(b)).
Skilled work is work that requires qualifications in which a person uses judgment to determine the machine and manual operations to be performed in order to obtain the proper form, quality, or quantity of material to be produced. Skilled work may require laying out work, estimating quality, determining the suitability and needed quantities of materials, making precise measurements, reading blueprints or other specifications, or making necessary computations or mechanical adjustments to control or regulate the work. Other skilled jobs may require dealing with people, facts, or figures or abstract ideas at a high level of complexity (CFR 404.1568 & 416.968(c)).
POMS. POMS addresses skills primarily in DI 25001.001, DI 25015.015, and DI 25001.017. As to the definition of a skill, DI 25015.017 essentially cites SSR 82-14, and the discussions in DI 25001.001 and DI 25015.015 are vague.
All three POMS sections discuss semi-skilled work, but they essentially adopt the definition in CFR 404.1568 and 416.968.
POMS DI 25001.001 and 25015.017 make one meaningful addition to “skilled work” (but not semi-skilled work) reading it –
Requires high levels of judgment and adaptability;
Involves setting realistic goals or making plans independently;
Requires understanding, carrying out, remembering complex instructions; and
Encompasses abstract ideas and problem-solving.
Examples of Skills
SSR 82-41. SSR 82-41 provides examples of skills as follows:
Making precise measurements, reading blueprints, and setting up and operating complex machinery;
Nurse Aide duties such as taking and recording the rates of temperature and respiration, and recording food and liquid intake and output:
Typing, filing, tabulating, posting data in record books, preparing invoices and statements, and operating adding and calculating machines;
Chemist and architect’s abstract thinking;
School band instructor’s special artistic talents and mastery of a musical instrument;
Automobile mechanic’s knowledge of machinery and understanding of charts and technical manuals; and
President or chief executive officer’s exceptional ability to deal with people, organize various data, and make difficult decisions in several areas of knowledge.
CFR. As noted in above, 404.1568 and 416.968 provide examples of a skill as follows:
Laying out work,
Estimating quality,
Determining the suitability and needed quantities of materials;
Making precise measurements;
Reading blueprints or other specifications;
Making necessary computations;
Making mechanical adjustments to control or regulate work; and
Dealing with people, facts, figures or abstract ideas at a high level of complexity.
POMS. POMS DI 25015.017 provides examples of skills as follows:
Answering a multi-line telephone,
Assembling equipment or complex objects, and
Handing large amounts of money or balancing a money drawer with a computer.
POMS 25015.001 provides examples of skills, but such examples are problematic. The examples unfortunately conflate 15 “common jobs with skills” and “skills” and cites the following as examples of both:
Auto repair,
Cooking,
Electrician,
Heavy equipment operator,
Inspecting,
Law enforcement,
Machining,
Maintenance mechanic,
Master carpenter,
Nursing,
Plumbing,
Sales,
Assembly,
Clerical, and
Supervisor.
This conflation is a problem. Like the CFR sections that needed later revision with SSR 82-41, Social Security got the aforementioned identification of 15 “common jobs with skills” and “skills” wrong; and it is wrong for three reasons. First, POMS 25015.001 cites jobs, not actual skills. Second, some of the above-cited jobs are classified in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles and Selected Characteristics of Occupations as unskilled – cook helper, hand packager inspector, assembly, and certain clerical jobs, for example. Third, many job duties of the above-cited jobs are unskilled. When evaluating skills and transferability, it is the duties that must be individually evaluated and not the entire job because even skilled work job duties range from unskilled, semi-skilled, or skilled.
Skill Transferability
Overview
The definition of a skill transferability and the two separate degrees of skill transferability is primarily discussed in SSR 82-41, and secondarily in three CFR sections and mainly three POMS sections. Skill transferability and its degrees is not defined in the Social Security Act or HALLEX.
Social Security establishes an 8-step skill transferability evaluation process that is discussed in POMS 25015.017.
Definition of Transferable Skills
Definition. Skill transferability is defined in SSR 82-41 as “applying work skills which a person has demonstrated in vocationally relevant past jobs to meet the requirements of other skilled or semiskilled jobs.” Skill transferability is also defined in the CFR as, “We consider you to have skills that can be used in other jobs, when the skilled or semi-skilled work activities you did in past work can be used to meet the requirements of skilled or semi-skilled work activities of other jobs or kinds of work” (CFR 404.1568, 416.968).
Degree #1. There are two degrees of skill transferability. As to the first degree, skill transferability is “most probable and meaningful among jobs in which”:
The same or a lesser degree of skill is required;
The same or similar tools and machines are used; and
The same or similar materials, products, processes, or services are involved. (CFR 404.1568, 416.968; SSR 82-41; and POMS 25015.015, 25015.017).
+ A complete similarity of the aforementioned factors is not necessary (Id.).
Degree #2. As to the second degree of skill transferability, there must be very little, if any, vocational adjustment required in terms of tools, work processes, work settings, or the industry for individuals who are 1) of advanced age (55 and over) and limited to sedentary work, and who are 2) closely approaching retirement age (60 and over) who are limited to light work (CFR 404.1568, 416.968, Appendix 2 to Subpart of Part 404 (201.00(f), 202.00(f)); SSR 82-41; and POMS DI 25015.015).
8-Step Transferable Skills Evaluation Process
8-Step Process. POMS 25015.017 cites the following 8-step process:
Step 1 – Review the claimant’s job description. Note the processes, tools, machines, and materials used. Note the products or services that result from the claimant’s efforts. Identify skills that may be useable in other work.
Step 2 – Identify the claimant’s PRW in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) to make a judgment about the skill level.
Step 3 – Review the claimant’s vocational factors.
Step 4 – Search for occupations related to the claimant’s PRW using the same or similar:
a) Guide for occupational exploration (GOE) code;
b) Materials, products, subject matter, and services (MPSMS) code;
c) Work field code;
d) Occupation group (first three digits of DOT code); or
e) Industry designation.
Step 5 – Make a list of possible occupations wherein skills may be transferable.
Step 6 – Compare the DOT description of duties of each of the occupations on your list with PRW duties.
Step 7 – Consider all relevant vocational sources and make a judgment about whether skills gained in PRW are useable in other work within the claimant’s RFC or MRFC.
Step 8 – Support your decision.
Step 4. Step 4 is a detailed discussion. It involves five separate job classification descriptors. It also involves the four primary vocational publications used by Social Security:
Dictionary of Occupational Titles,
Selected Characteristics of Occupations,
Revised Handbook for Analyzing Jobs, and
Guide for Occupational Exploration.
GOE CODE. The first code addressed in Step 4 is the six-digit GOE code which provides “information about the interests, aptitudes, adaptabilities, and other requisites of occupational groups” – GOE Code.
The GOE code is used in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, Selected Characteristics of Occupations, and the Guide for Occupational Exploration. Every Dictionary of Occupational Titles job title contains a GOE code, but a GOE code has minimal significance in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles and is discussed in Dictionary of Occupational Titles Appendix C. The Selected Characteristics of Occupations which provides supplemental vocational information on all jobs in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles is primarily structured by GOE code and the GOE code is discussed in Selected Characteristics of Occupations Appendix A. The GOE code is obviously discussed in detail in the Guide of Occupational Exploration.
An example of the GOE code in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles job title is as follows with emphasis added:
Supervises and coordinates activities of workers engaged in custom-machining metallic and nonmetallic workpieces to produce, maintain, or repair parts for machines, molds, and equipment, applying knowledge of machine shop procedures, variety of machine-tool setup and operating techniques, metal and plastic properties, and custom-machining methods. May supervise workers in related processes, such as forming, welding, inspecting, testing, or assembling. Performs duties as described under SUPERVISOR (any industry) Master Title.
GOE: 05.05.07 STRENGTH: M GED: R4 M4 L4 SVP: 8 DLU: 89
An example of the GOE code in the Selected Characteristics of Occupations is as follows with emphasis added:
The six digit GOE code is divided into three sections – each a two digit code. The first GOE code section (the first set of digits within the GOE code) classifies jobs according to 12 interest areas:
01 – Artistic
02 – Scientific
03 – Plants-Animals
04 – Protective
05 – Mechanical
06 – Industrial
07 – Business Detail
08 – Selling
09 – Accommodating
10 – Humanitarian
11 – Leading-Influencing
12 – Physical Performing
The second GOE code section (the second set of digits within the GOE code) classifies jobs in 66 work groups that identify occupations with similar worker traits and capabilities in related work settings:
01
01.01 – Literary Arts
01.02 – Visual Arts
01.03 – Performing Arts: Drama
01.04 – Performing Arts: Music
01.05 – Performing Arts: Dance
01.06 – Craft Arts
01.07 – Elemental Arts
01.08 – Modeling
02
02.01 – Physical Sciences
02.02 – Life Sciences
02.03 – Medical Sciences
02.04 – Laboratory Technology
03
03.01 – Managerial Work
03.02 – General Supervision: Plants and Animals
03.03 – Animal Training and Service
03.04 – Elemental Work: Plants and Animals
04
04.01 – Safety and Law Enforcement
04.02 – Security Services
05
05.01 – Engineering
05.02 – Managerial Work: Mechanical
05.03 – Engineering Technology
05.04 – Air and Water Vehicle Operation
05.05 – Craft Technology
05.06 – Systems Operations
05.07 – Quality Control
05.08 – Land and Water Vehicle Operation
05.07 – Materials Control
05.10 – Crafts
05.11 – Equipment Operations
05.12 – Elemental Work: Mechanical
06
06.01 – Production Technology
06.02 – Production Work
06.03 – Quality Control
06.04 – Elemental Work: Industrial
07
07.01 – Administrative Detail
07.02 – Mathematical Detail
07.03 – Financial Detail
07.04 – Oral Communications
07.05 – Records Processing
07.06 – Clerical Processing
07.07 – Clerical Handling
08
08.01 – Sales
08.02 – General Sales
08.03 – Vending
09
09.01 – Hospitality Services
09.02 – Barber and Beauty Services
09.03 – Passenger Services
09.04 – Customer Services
09.05 – Attendant Services
10
10.01 – Social Services
10.02 – Nursing, Therapy, and Specialized
Teaching Services
10.03 – Child and Adult Care
11
11.01 – Mathematics and Statistics
11.02 – Educational and Library Services
11.03 – Social Research
11.04 – Law
11.05 – Business Administration
11.06 – Finance
11.07 – Services Administration
11.08 – Communications
11.09 – Promotions
11.10 – Regulations Enforcement
11.11 – Business Management
11.12 – Contracts and Claims
12
12.01 – Sports
12.02 – Physical Feats
The third GOE code section (the third set of digits within the GOE code) classifies jobs into 348 work subgroups that identify occupations with similar interests, aptitudes, and adaptability requirements:
01 – Artistic
01.01 – Literary Arts
01.01-01 – Editing
01.01-02 – Creative Writing
01.01-03 – Critiquing
01.02 – Visual Arts
01.02-01 – Instructing and Appraising
01.02-02 – Studio Art
01.02-03 – Commercial Art
01.03 – Performing Arts: Drama
01.03-01 – Instructing and Directing
01.03-02 – Performing
01.03-03 – Narratingn and Announcing
01.04 – Performing Arts: Music
01.04-01 – Instructing and Directing
01.04-02 – Composing and Arranging
01.04-03 – Vocal Performing
01.04-04 – Instrumental Performing
01.05 – Performing-Arts: Dance
01.05-01 – Instructing and Choreography
01.05-02 – Performing
01.06 – Craft Arts
01.06-01 – Graphic Arts and Related Crafts
01.06-02 – Arts and Crafts
01.06-03 – Hand Lettering, Painting, & Decorating
01.07 – Elemental Arts
01.07-01 – Psychic Science
01.07-02 – Announcing
01.07-03 – Entertaining
01.08 – Modeling
01.08-01 – Personal Appearance
02 – Scientific
02.01 – Physical Sciences
02.02-01 – Theoretical Research
02.01-02 – Technology
02.02 – Life Sciences
02.02-01 – Animal Specialization
02.02-02 – Plant Specialization
02.02-03 – Plant and Animal Specialization
02.02-04 – Food Research
02.03 – Medical Sciences
02.03-01 – Medicine and Surgery
02.03-02 – Dentistry
02.03-03 – Veterinary Medicine
02.03-04 – Health Specialtiesat
02.04 – Laboratory Technology
02.04-01 – Physical Sciences
02.04-02 – Life Sciences
03 – Plants and Animals
03.01 – Mannagerial Work: Plains and Animals
03.01-01 – Farming
03.01-02 – Specialty Breeding
03.01-03 – Specialty Cropping
03.01-04 – Forestry and Logging
03.02 – General Supervision: Plants and Animals
03.02-01 – Farming
03.02-02 – Forestry and Logging
03.02-03 – Nursery and Groundskeeping Services
03.02-04 – Services
03.03 – Animal Training and Service
03.03-01 – Animal Training
03.03-02 – Animal Service
03.04 – General Supervision: Plants and Animals
03.04-01 – Farming
03.04-02 – Forestry and Logging
03.04-03 – Hunting and Fishing
03.04-04 – Nursery and Groundskeeping Services
03.04-05 – Services
04 – Protective
04.01 – Safety mid Law Enforcement
04.01-01 – Managing
04.01-02 – Investigating
04.02 – Security Services
04.02-01 – Detention
04.02-02 – Property and People
04.02-03 – Law and Order
04.02-04 – Emergency Responding
05 – Mechanical
05.01 – Engineering
05.01-01 – Research
05.01-02 – Environmental Protection
05.01-03 – Systems Design
05.01-04 – Testing and Quality Control
05.01-05 – Sales Engineering
05.01-06 – Work Planning and Utilization
05.01-07 – Design
05.01-08 – General Engineering
05.02 – Managerial Work Mechanical
05.02-01 – Systems
05.02-02 – Maintenance and Construction
05.02-03 – Processing and Manufacturing
05.02-04 – Communications
05.02-05 – Mining, Logging, and Petroleum Production
05.02-06 – Services
05.02-07 – Materials Handling
05.03 – Engineering Technology
05.03-01 – Surveying
05.03-02 – Drafting
05.03-03 – Expediting and Coordinating Petroleum
05.03-04 – Electrical-Electronic
05.03-05 – Industrial and Safety
05.03-06 – Mechanical
05.03-07 – Environmental Control
05.03-08 – Packaging and Storing
05.04 – Air and Water Vehicle Operation
05.04-01 – Air
05.04-02 – Water
05.05 – Craft Technology
05.05-01 – Masonry, Stone,and Brick Work
05.05-02 – Construction and Maintenance
05.05-03 – Plumbing and Pipefitting
05.05-04 – Painting, Plastering, and Paperhanging
05.05-05 – Electrical-Electronic Systems Installation and Repair
05.05-06 – Metal Fabrication and Repair
05.05-07 – Machining
05.05-08 – Woodworking
05.05-09 – Mechanical Work
05.05-10 – Electrical-Electronic Equipment Repair
05.05-11 – Scientific, Medical, and Technical Equipment Fabrication and Repair
05.05-12 – Musical Instrument Fabrication and Repair
05.05-13 – Printing
05.05-14 – Gem Cutting and Finishing
05.05-15 – Custom Sewing, Tailoring, and Upholstery
05.05-16 – Dyeing
05.05-17 – Food Preparation
05.06 – System Operations
05.06-01 – Electricity Generation and Transmission
05.06-02 – Stationary Engineering
05.06-03 – Oil, Gas, and Water Distribution
05.06-04 – Processing
05.07 Quality Control
05.07-01 – Structural
05.07-02 – Mechanical
05.07-03 – Electrical
05.07-04 – Environmental
05.07-05 – Petroleum
05.07-06 – Logging and Lumber
05.08 – Land and Water Vehicle Operation
05.08-01 – Truck Driving
05.08-02 – Rail Vehicle Operation
05.08-03 – Services Requiring Driving
05.08-04 – Boat Operation
05.09 – Materials Control
05.09-01 – Shipping, Receiving, and Stock Checking
05.09-02 – Estimating, Scheduling, and Record Keeping
06.04-21 – Machine Work, Brushing, Spraying, and Coating
06.04-22 – ManualWork, Assembly Large Parts
06.04-23 – ManualWork, Assembly Small Parts
06.04-24 – Manual Work, Metal and Plastics
06.04-25 – Manual Work, Wood
06.04-26 – Manual Work, Paper
06.04-27 – Manual Work, Textile, Fabric, and Leather
06.04-28 – Manual Work, Food Processing
06.04-29 – Manual Work, Rubber
06.04-30 – Manual Work, Stone, Glass, and Clay
06.04-31 – Manual Work, Welding, and Flame Cutting
06.04-32 – Manual Work, Casting and Molding
06.04-33 – Manual Work, Brushing, Spraying, and Coating
06.04-34 – Manual Work, Assorted Materials
06.04-35 – Laundering, Dry Cleaning
06.04-36 – Filling
06.04-37 – Manual Work, Stamping, Marking, Labeling, and Ticketing
06.04-38 – Wrapping and Packing
06.04-39 – Cleaning
06.04-40 – Loading, Moving, Hoisting, and Conveying
07 – Business Detail
07.01 – Administrative Detail
07.02-01 – Bookkeeping and Auditing
07.01-01 – Interviewing
07.02-02 – Accounting
07.02-03 – Statistical Reporting and Analysis
07.01-03 – Secretarial Work
07.01-04 – Financial Analysis
07.01-05 – Certifying
07.01-06 – Investigating
07.01-07 – Test Administration
07.02 – Mathmatical Detail
07.02-01 – Bookkeeping and Auditing
07.02-02 – Accounting
07.02-03 – Statisttical Reporting and Analysis
07.02-04 – Billing and Rate Computation
07.02-05 – Payroll and Timekeeping
07.03 – Financial Detail
07.03-01 – Paying and Receiving
07.04 – Oral Communciations
07.04-01 – Interviewing
07.04-02 – Order, Complaint, & Claims Handling
07.04-03 – Statistical Reporting adn Analysis
07.04-04 – Reception nandInformation
07.04-05 – Information Transmitting and
07.04-06 – Switchboard Services
07.05 – Records Processing
07.05-01 – Coordinating and Scheduling
07.05-02 – Record Verification and Proofing
07.05-03 – Record Preparation and Maintenance
07.05-04 – Routing and Distribution
07.06 – Clerical Machine Operation
07.06-01 – Clerical Machine Operation
07.06-02 – Administration
07.06-02 – Keyboard Machine Operation
07.07 – Clerical Handling
07.07-01 – Filing
07.07-02 – Sorting and Distribution
07.07-03 – General Clerical Work
08 – Selling
08.01 – Sales Technology
08.01-01 – Technical Sales
08.01-02 – Intangible Sales
08.01-03 – General Clerical Work
08.02 – General Sales
08.02-02 – WholesaleRetail
08.02-03 – Wholesale and Retail
08.02-04 – Real Estate
08.02-05 – Demonstration and Sales
08.02-06 – Services
08.02-07 – Driving-Selling
08.02-08 – Soliciting-Selling
08.03 – Vending
08.03-01 – Peddling and Hawking
08.03-02 – Promotingices
09.01 – Hospitality SiavicesTeaching
09.01-01 – Social and Recreational Activities
09.01-02 – Guide Services
9.02 – Barber and Beauty Services
09.02-01 – Cosmetology
09.02-02 – Barbering
09.03 – Passenger Service
09.03-01 – Group Transportation
09.03-02 – Individual Transportation
09.03-03 – Instruction and Supervision
09.04 – Customer Services
09.04-01 – Food Services
09.04-02 – Sales Services
09.05 – Attendant Services
09.05-01 – Physical Conditioning
09.05-02 – Food Services
09.05-03 – Portering and Baggage Services
09.05-04 – Doorkeeping Services
09.05-05 – Card ang Game Room Services
09.05-06 – Individualized Services
09.05-07 – General Wardrobe Services
09.05-08 – Ticket Taking, Ushering
10 – Humanitarian
10.01 – Social Services
10.01-01 – Religious
10.01-02 – Counseling and Social Work
10.02 – Nursing, Therapy, and Specialized Teaching Services
10.02-01 – Nursing
10.02-02 – Therapy and Rehabilitation
10.02-03 – Specialized Teaching
10.03 – Child and Adult Care
10.03-01 – Data Collection
10.03-02 – Patient Care
10.03-03 – Care of Others
11 – Leading-Influencing
11.01 – Mathematics and Statistics
11.01-01 – Data Processing Design
11.01-02 – Data Analysis
11.02 – Educatioanand Library Services
11.02-01 – Teaching and Instructing, General
11.02-02 – Vocational and Industrial Teaching
11.02-03 – Teaching, Home Economics, Agriculture, and Related
11.02-04 – Library Services
11.03 – Social Research
11.03.01 – Psychological
11.03-02 – Sociological
11.03-03 – Historical
11.03-04 – Occupational
11.04 – Law
11.04-01 – Justice Administration
11.04-02 – Leegal Practice
11.04-03 – Abstracting, Document Prep
11.05 – Business Administration
11.05-01- Management Services: Non-Government
11.05-02 – Administrative Specialization
11.05-03 – Management Services: Government
11.05-04 – Sales and Purchasing Management
11.06 – Finance
11.06-01 – Accounting and Auditing
11.06-02 – Record’s Systems Analysis
11.06-03 – Risk and Profit Analysis
11.06-04 – Brokering
11.06-05 – Budget and Financial Control
11.07 – Services Administration
11.07-01 – Social Services
11.07-02 – Health and Safety Services
11.07-03 – Educational Services
11.07-04 – Recreational Services
11.08 – Communications
11.08-01 – Editing
11.08-02 – Writing
11.08-03 – Writing and Broadcasting
11.08-04 – Translating and Interpreting
11.09 – Promotion
11.09-01 – Sales
11.09-02 – Funds and Membership Solicitation
11.09-03 – Public Relations
11.10 – Regulations Enforcement
11.10-01 – Finance
11.10-02 – Individual Rights
11.10-03 – Health and Safety
11.10-04 – Immigration and Customs
11.10-05 – Company Policy
11.11 – Business Management
11.11-01 – Lodging
11.11-02 – Recreation and Amusement
11.11-03 – Transportation
11.11-04 – Services
11.11-05 – Wholesale-Retail
11.12 – Contracts and Claims
11.12-01 – Claims Settlement
11.12-02 – Rental and Leasing
11.12-03 – Booking
11.12-04 – Procurement Negotiations
12 – Phyiscal Performing
12.01 – Sports
12.01-01 – Coaching adn Instructing
12.01-02 – Officiating
12.01-03 – Performing
12.02 – Physical Feats
12.02-01 – Performing
MPSMS Code. The MPSMS Code is found in the Revised Handbook for Analyzing Jobs and classifies jobs according to “basic materials processed,” “final products made,” “subject matter dealt with or applied,” or “services rendered.” “MPSMS is the final link in a chain describing (1) what a worker does (Worker Functions); (2) what gets done (Work Fields); (3) to what (MPSMS).”
There are 48 MPSMS groups subdivided into 336 MPSMS categories. Each MPSMS category is represented by a three-digit code. MPSMS categories are subdivided into groups classified with a second three-digit code. A job may be classified with more than one MPSMS code. A MPSMS code is not a part of a job title description in either the Dictionary of Occupational Titles or the Selected Characteristics of Occupations. Instead, individual judgment is used to determine which MPSMS code(s) applies to a particular job. The Skilltran company has determined and included MPSMS codes in its Job Brower Pro vocational software.
— MPSMS Groups —
300 – Plant Farm Crops
310 -Horticultural Specialties, Forest Trees, and Forest Products
320 – Animals
330 – Marine Life
340 – Raw Fuels and Nonmetallic Minerals
350 – Raw Matallic Minerals
360 – Structures
370 – Ordinance
380 – Food Staples and Related
390 – Food Specialties
400 – Tobacco Products
410 – Textile Fibers and Related
420 – Fabrics and Related
430 – Textile Products
440 – Apparel
450 – Lumber and Wood Products
460 – Furniture and Fixtures
470 – Paper and Allied Products
480 – Printed and Published Products
490 – Chemical and Allied Products
500 – Petroleum and Related Products
510 – Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastic Products
520 – Leather and Leather Products
530 – Stone, Clary, and Glass Products
540 – Metal, Ferrous and Nonferrous
550 – Fabricated Metal Products, Except Ordinance, Machinery, and Transportion Equipment
560 – Machinery & Equipment, Except Electrical
580 – Electrical and Electronic Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies
590 – Transportation Equipment
600 – Measuring, Analysing, and Controlling Instruments: Photographic, Medical, and Optical Goods; and Watches and Clocks
610 – Miscellaneous Fabricated Products
700 – Architecture and Engineering
720 – Mathematics and Physical Sciences
730 – Life Sciences
740 – Social Services
750 – Arts and Literature
850 – Transportation Services
860 – Communication Services
870 – Electric, Gas, and Sanitary Services
880 – Merchandising Services
890 – General Business, Financy, Insurance, and Real Estate Services
900 – Domestic, Building, and Personal Services
910 – Amusement and Recreation Services
920 – Medical and Other Health Services
930 – Educational, Legal, Museum, Library, and Archival Services
940 – Social, Employment, and Spiritual Services
950 – Regulation, Protection, and Related Government Services
960 – Miscellaneous Services
— MPSMS Categories —
301 – Grains
302 – Cotton Crops
302 – Field Crops (except Grain)
302 – Hay (Crops)
302 – Peanut Crops
302 – Sugar Crops
302 – Tobacco Crops
303 – Melon Crops
303 – Vegetable Crops
304 – Citrus Fruits
304 – Fruits, Citrus
305 – Berries
305 – Dates
305 – Fruits (except Citrus)
305 – Grapes
305 – Olives
306 – Nuts, Tree
306 – Tree Nuts
311 – Bulbs, Plant
311 – Floricultural Nursery Products
311 – Florists’ Greens
311 – Flowers
311 – Flower Seeds and Plants
311 – Nursery Products, Floricultural
311 – Seeds, Flower and Vegetable
311 – Shrubbery
311 – Sod
311 – Vegetable Seeds and Plants
312 – Ornamental Trees
312 – Trees, Ornamental
313 – Christmas Trees (Standing Timber)
313 – Timber, Standing
313 – Timber Tracts
314 – Forest Nurseiy Products
314 – Nursery Products, Forest
314 – Reforestation
314 – Seeds, Tree
314 – Tree Seed
319 – Balsam Needles
319 – Barks
319 – Crude Rubber
319 – Ginseng
319 – Gums (including Pine)
319 – Maple Sap
319 – Moss, Spanish
319 – Mushrooms
319 – Needles, Balsam
319 – Pine Gums
319 – Resins, Natural
319 – Rubber, Crude
319 – Spanish Moss
319 – Teaberries
321 – Cattle
321 – Milk, Raw
321 – Raw Milk
322 – Hogs
323 – Goats
323 – Sheep
324 – Eggs
324 – Fowl
324 – Poultry
325 – Animals, Captive Fur-Bearing
325 – Fur-Bearing Animals, Captive
326 – Game and Wildlife
326 – Wildlife and Game
327 – Equines
327 – Horses
329 – Animals, Laboratory
329 – Animals, Zoo
329 – Bees
329 – Cats
329 – Dogs
329 – Laboratory Animals
329 – Zoo Animals
331 – Finfish
331 – Fish (Finfish)
332 – Fish (Shellfish)
332 – Shellfish
339 – Frogs
339 – Sea Urchin
339 – Seaweed
339 – Sponges
339 – Terrapins
339 – Turtles
339 – Whales
341 – Coal
341 – Lignite
342 – Crude Petroleum
342 – Gas, Natural
342 – Natural Gas
342 – Petroleum, Crude
343 – Dimension Stone
343 – Stone, Dimension
344 – Broken and Crushed Stone
344 – Crushed and Broken Stone
344 – Stone, Crushed and Broken
345 – Gravel and Sand
345 – Sand and Gravel
346 – Bentonite
346 – Clay
346 – Clay, Fire
346 – Fire Clay
346 – Fuller’s Earth
346 – Kaolin
347 – Barite
347 – Borate
347 – Chemical and Fertilizer Minerals
347 – Fertilizer and Chemical Minerals
347 – Fluorspar
347 – Mineral, Cheical and Fertilizer
347 – Phosphate Rock
347 – Potash
347 – Salt, Rock
347 – Rock Salt
347 – Soda
347 – Sulfur
349 – Asbestos (Raw Mineral)
349 – Asphalt, Native
349 – Graphite (Raw Mineral)
349 – Gypsum
349 – Mica
349 – Pumice
349 – Tal
351 – Iron Ore
352 – Copper Ore
353 – Lead and Zinc Ore
353 – Zinc and Lead Ore
354 – Gold and Silver Ore
354 – Silver and Gold Ore
355 – Aluminum Ore
355 – Bauxite Ore
356 – Chromium Ore
356 – Cobalt Ore
356 – Ferroalloy Ore
357 – Mercury Ore
358 – Radium Ore
358 – Vanadium Ore
358 – Uranium Ore
359 – Antimony Ore
359 – Beryllium Ore
359 – Platinum Ore
359 – Tin Ore
359 – Titanium Ore
361 – Buildings, except Prefabricated
361 – Commercial Buildings
361 – Farm Buildings
361 – Public Buildings
361 – Residential Buildings
362 – Airports
362 – Athletic Fields
362 – Bridle Paths
362 – Highways and Streets
362 – Parking Areas
362 – Parkway
362 – Streets and Highways
363 – Bridges
363 – Elevated Highways
363 – Tunnels
363 – Viaducts
364 – Cable Lines
364 – Communication and Power Lines
364 – Gas Mains
364 – Pipelines (Construction)
364 – Power and Communication Lines
364 – Radio Transmitting Towers
364 – Pumping Stations
364 – Sewage-Collection & Disposal Lines
364 – Sewer Mains
364 – Telegraph Lines
364 – Television-Transmitting Towers
364 – Water Mains
364 – Telephone Lines
365 – Breakwaters
365 – Channels
365 – Canals
365 – Cofferdams
365 – Dikes
365 – Dam
365 – Levees
365 – Locks (Marine Construction)
365 – Marine Construction
365 – Piers
365 – Wharves
365 – Waterway Construction
365 – Harbor Construction
366 – Hydroelectric Power Plants
366 – Nuclear Power Plants
366 – Power Plant Projects
367 – Railroads
367 – Subways
368 – Oil Refineries
368 – Refineries, Oil
369 – Drainage Systems
369 – Furnaces, Industrial (Constructed)
369 – Incinerators
369 – Industrial Furnaces (Constructed)
369 – Irrigation Systems
369 – Kilns
369 – Ovens (Construction and Maintenance)
369 – Ski-Tow Erection
369 – Water-Treatment Plants
371 – Aircraft Guns
371 – Anti-aircraft Guns
371 – Artillery
371 – Coast Artillery
371 – Field Artillery
371 – Howitzers
371 – Guns, Howitzers, Mortars, & Related Equip.
371 – Mortars
371 – Naval Guns
371 – Tank Guns
372 – Ammunition, except Small Arms
372 – Bombs
372 – Chemical Warfare Projectiles
372 – Depth Charges
372 – Grenades
372 – Mines (Military)
372 – Missile Warheads
372 – Torpedoes
373 – Small Arms
374 – Ammunition, Small Arms
375 – Missiles, Guided
379 – Bazookas
379 – Flame Throwers
379 – Smoke Generators
381 – Animal Feeds
381 – Feeds, Animal and Fowl
381 – Fowl Feeds
381 – Grain Mill Products
382 – Eggs, Processed
382 – Meat Products, Processed
383 – Dairy Products
384 – Bakery Products
385 – Fats and Oils, Edible
385 – Oils and Fats, Edible
386 – Seafood, Fresh or Frozen Packaged
386 – Seafoods, Processed
387 – Baby Foods, Canned
387 – Canned Food Specialties
387 – Fruits and Vegetables, Processed
387 – Health Foods, Canned
387 – Jams
387 – Jellies
387 – Juices
387 – Salad Dressings
387 – Sauces
387 – Seasonings
387 – Soups
387 – Vegetables and Fruits, Processed
391 – Coffee
391 – Spices
391 – Tea
392 – Beet Sugar
392 – Cane Sugar
392 – Molasses
392 – Sugar, Cane and Beet
392 – Syrup, Cane and Beet
393 – Candy
393 – Chewing Gum
393 – Chocolate
393 – Cocoa
393 – Confectionery Products
393 – Dates, Stuffed
393 – Nuts, Salted
393 – Stuffed Dates
393 – Salted Nuts
394 – Extracts, Flavoring
394 – Flavoring Extracts
394 – Flavoring Syrups
394 – Syrup, Flavoring
395 – Alcoholic Beverages
395 – Beverages, Alcoholic
395 – Beverages, Malt
395 – Blended Liquors
395 – Distilled Liquors
395 – Liquors
395 – Malt Beverages
395 – Rectified Liquors
395 – Wines
396 – Carbonated Waters
396 – Soft Drinks
397 – Macaroni
397 – Noodles
397 – Spaghetti
397 – Vermicelli
398 – Cider
398 – Vinegar
399 – Baking Powder
399 – Ice
399 – Peanut Butter
399 – Potato Chips
399 – Yeast
401 – Cigarettes
402 – Cigars
403 – Chewing Tobacco
403 – Smoking Tobacco
403 – Snuff
403 – Tobacco, Chewing, Smoking, and Snuff
404 – Tobacco, Stemmed and Redried
411 – Yam
412 – Thread
413 – Cordage
413 – Twine
414 – Natural Fibers
414 – Silk Fibers
414 – Synthetic Fibers
414 – Fibers, Glass (Finishing)
414 – Fibers, Natural and Silk
414 – Fiber Stock
414 – Fibers, Synthetic (Finishing)
414 – Glass Fibers (Finishing)
419 – Recovered Fibers
419 – Fibers, Waste and Recovered
419 – Waste Fibers
421 – Broad Woven Cotton Fabrics
421 – Cotton Fabrics
421 – Fabrics, Broad Woven Cotton
421 – Fabrics, Glass Fiber
421 – Fabrics, Silk
421 – Fabrics, Synthetic Fiber
421 – Silk Fabrics
421 – Synthetic-Fiber Fabrics
421 – Glass-Fiber Fabrics
422 – Broad Woven Wool Fabrics
422 – Fabrics, Broad Woven Wool
422 – Felt, Wool
422 – Haircloth
422 – Wool Fabrics
422 – Wool Felt
423 – Narrow Fabrics
423 – Ribbons
423 – Shoelaces
423 – Tapes, Fabric
424 – Fabrics, Knitted
424 – Knitted Fabrics
425 – Nonwoven Fabrics (except Knitted)
429 – Hemp Fabrics
429 – Jute Fabrics
429 – Linen Fabrics
429 – Ramie Fabrics
431 – Carpets
431 – Rugs
432 – Art Goods, Stamped
432 – Art Needlework
432 – Fancy Textiles
432 – Embroideries
432 – Lace Goods
432 – Stamped Art Goods, Textile
432 – Textiles, Fancy
432 – Trimmings, Textile
432 – Trimmings, Umbrella
432 – Hatters’ Fur
433 – Batting
433 – Padding
433 – Wadding
433 – Upholstery Filling
433 – Filling, Upholstery
434 – Artificial Leather
434 – Coated Fabrics (except Rubber)
434 – Fabrics, Coated (except Rubberized)
434 – Fabrics, Impregnated (except Rubberized)
434 – Impregnated Fabrics (except Rubberized)
434 – Leather, Artificial
434 – Oil Cloth
435 – Bedspreads
435 – Blankets (except Electric)
435 – Comforters
435 – Dishcloths
435 – Curtains
435 – Draperies
435 – House Furnishings
435 – Mopheads
435 – Napkins
435 – Pillowcases
435 – Pillows
435 – Quilts
435 – Slipcovers
435 – Sheets
435 – Towels
435 – Washcloths
435 – Tablecloths
436 – Bags, Textile
436 – Awnings, Canvas
436 – Canvas Products
436 – Textile Bags
436 – Tarpaulins
436 – Tents
439 – Bags, Sleeping
439 – Crocheted Products
439 – Felt Goods
439 – Fishing Nets
439 – Flags
439 – Hammocks
439 – Parachutes
439 – Sleeping Bags
439 – Handwoven Products
441 – Coats, Men’s and Boy’s
441 – Overcoats, Men’s and Boy’s
441 – Suits, Men’s and Boy’s
441 – Uniforms
441 – Vests
441 – Tuxedos
442 – Apparel, Men’s and Boy’s Athletic
442 – Bathing Suits, Men’s and Boy’s (non-rubber)
442 – Athletic Apparel, Men’s and Boy’s
442 – Clothing, Work
442 – Neckwear, Men’s and Boy’s
442 – Shirts, Men’s and Boy’s
442 – Trousers
442 – Underwear, Men’s and Boy’s
442 – Work Clothing, Men’s and Boy’s
442 – Furnishings, Men’s and Boy’s
442 – Nightwear, Men’s and Boy’s
443 – Apparel, Women’s, Girl’s, and Infant’s Athletic
443 – Bathing Suits, Women’s, Girl’s, and Infant’s (non-rubber)
443 – Athletic Apparel, Women’s, Girl’s and Infant’s
443 – Blouses
443 – Coats, Women’s, Girl’s, and Infant’s
443 – Dresses
443 – Neckwear, Women’s, Girl’s, and Infant’s
443 – Outerwear, Women’s, Girl’s, and Infant’s
443 – Rompers
443 – Skirts
443 – Shirts, Women’s, Girls’, and Infant’s
443 – Suits, Women’s, Girl’s, and Infant’s
444 – Brassieres
444 – Undergarments, Women’s, Girl’s, and Infant’s
444 – Underwear, Women’s, Girl’s, and Infant’s
444 – Nightwear, Women’s, Girl’s, and Infant’s
444 – Girdles
445 – Hats (except Fur)
446 – Hosiery
447 – Coats, Fur
447 – Fur Coats and Jackets
447 – Fur Goods
447 – Fur Hats
447 – Fur Neckpieces
447 – Fur Trimmings
447 – Jackets, Fur
447 – Neckpieces, Fur
447 – Trimmings, Fur
447 – Hats, Fur
449 – Belts, Apparel
449 – Clothing, Leather & Sheepskin Lined
449 – Diapers
449 – Costumes
449 – Dressing Gowns
449 – Gowns, Dressing
449 – Garters
449 – Handkerchiefs
449 – Leather Clothing
449 – Outer Garments, Waterproof (except Rubber or Rubberized)
449 – Raincoats (except Rubber or Rubberized)
449 – Robes
449 – Sheepskin-Lined Clothing
449 – Suspenders
449 – Waterproof Outer Garments (except Rubber or Rubberized)
449 – Gloves, Dress and Work (except Rubber and All-Leather)
451 – Bolts, Wood
451 – Fence Rails
451 – Logs
451 – Pilings
451 – Poles, Wood
451 – Posts, Wood
451 – Timber Products, Untreated
451 – Wood Bolts
452 – Cooperage Stock
452 – Dimension Stock, Hardwood
452 – Doors, Wood
452 – Frames, Wooden Window
452 – Fuelwood
452 – Flooring
452 – Planing-Mill Products
452 – Sawmill Products
452 – Shutters, Wood
452 – Shingles, Wood
452 – Stairways, Wood
452 – Window Frames, Wood
452 – Wood Products, Treated
452 – Millwork Products
452 – Moldings, Wood
452 – Hardwood Dimension Stock
453 – Plywood
453 – Veneer
454 – Containers, Wood
454 – Pallets, Wood
454 – Skids, Wood
454 – Wood Containers
455 – Buildings, Prefabricated Wood
455 – Prefabricated Wood Buildings
455 – Structural Wood Members
455 – Wood Buildings, Prefabricated
455 – Mobile Homes
456 – Particleboard
457 – Clothespins, Wood
457 – Dowels
457 – Frames, Mirror and Picture
457 – Gavels
457 – Ladders, Wood
457 – Mallets
457 – Marquetry
457 – Oars, Wood
457 – Picture and Mirror Frames
457 – Toilet Seats, Wood
457 – Toothpicks
457 – Wood Articles
457 – Yardsticks, Wood
457 – Mirror and Picture Frames
459 – Cork Products
459 – Rattan Products
459 – Reed Products
459 – Straw Products
459 – Willow Products
459 – Wicker Products
461 – Cabinets, Phonograph, Radio, Sewing Machine, and TV
854 – Boat Services, Excursion, Sightseeing, and Taxi
854 – Canal Services
854 – Deep-Sea Transportation Services
854 – Excursion-Boat Services
854 – Inland-Waterway Transportation Services
854 – Marine Cargo-Handling Services
854 – Sightseeing Boat Service
854 – Towing Services (Marine)
854 – Taxi-Boat Services
854 – Tugboat Services
854 – Water-Transportation Services
854 – Waterway-Transportation Services, Inland
854 – Transportation Services, Deep Sea
854 – Transportation Services, Water
855 – Air-Cargo-Transportation Services
855 – Air-Passenger-Transportation Services
855 – Airport-Terminal Services
855 – Air-Transportation Services
855 – Terminal Services, Airport
855 – Transportation Services, Air
855 – Transportation Services, Air-Cargo and Passenger
856 – Pipeline Transportation Services
856 – Transportation Services, Pipeline
859 – Bridge Services, Highway
859 – Freight Agency Services
859 – Freight Forwarding Services
859 – Highway Bridge Services
859 – Stockyard Services
859 – Toll-Bridge and Road Service
859 – Tourist-Agency Services
859 – Travel-Agency Services
859 – Tunnel Services
861 – Communication Services, Telephone
861 – Radio Services, Telephone Communication
861 – Wire Services, Telephone Communications
861 – Telephone Communications, Radio or Wire Services
862 – Communication Services, Telegraph
862 – Radio Services, Telegraph Communication
862 – Telegraph Communications, Radio or Wire Services
862 – Wire Services, Telegraph Communications
863 – Broadcasting Services, Radio
863 – Radio Broadcasting Services
864 – Broadcasting Services, Television
864 – Television Broadcasting Services
869 – Cablevision Services
869 – Missile-Tracking Services
869 – Radar Services
869 – Ticker-Tape Services
869 – Tracking Services, Missiles
869 – Telephoto Services
871 – Electric Services
871 – Nuclear Electricity Generating Services
872 – Distribution Services, Gas
872 – Gas Production and Distribution Services
872 – Gas Services, Liquefied Petroleum (LP)
872 – Gas Services, Manufactured
872 – Gas Services, Mixed
872 – Gas Services, Natural (Distribution)
872 – Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gas Services
872 – Manufactured Gas Services
872 – Mixed Gas Services
872 – Natural Gas Services
872 – Production Services, Gas
873 – Irrigation Services
873 – Water-Supply Services
874 – Refuse Services
874 – Sanitary Services
874 – Sewerage Services
874 – Street-Cleaning Services
875 – Cooled-Air Services
875 – Heated-Air Services
875 – Steam-Supply Services
881 – Retail Trade Services
882 – Wholesale Trade Services
883 – Coin-Machine Collecting Services
883 – Delivery Services
883 – Sales-Route Services
883 – Route Sales Services
884 – Auctioneering Services
884 – Rental Services
884 – Vending Services
885 – Demonstrating Services (Sales Promotions)
885 – Modeling Services
885 – Sales-Promotion Services
889 – Commercial Decorating Services
889 – Decorating Services, Commercial
889 – Professional Shopping Services
889 – Shopping Services, Professional
889 – Trimming Services, Window
889 – Window-Trimming Services
891 – Clerical Services (except Bookkeeping)
891 – Duplicating Services
891 – Filing Services
891 – Secretarial Services
891 – Stenographic Services
891 – Typing Services
892 – Accounting Services
892 – Auditing Services
892 – Bookkeeping Services
893 – Administration and Administrative
Specialty Services
893 – Computer-Programming Services
893 – Consulting Services
893 – Data Processing Services
893 – General Administration Services
893 – General Management Services
893 – Job Evaluation
893 – Management Services, General
893 – Personnel Administration Services
894 – Banking Services
894 – Collection Services
894 – Credit Services
894 – Financial Services
894 – Investment Services
894 – Loan Services
894 – Savings and Loan Services
894 – Securities and Commodities Services
894 – Trust Services
895 – Real Estate Services
896 – Advertising Services
896 – Public Relations Services
897 – Blueprinting Services
897 – Developing Services, Film (Photofinishing)
897 – Photocopying Services
897 – Photofinishing Services
898 – Production Services
898 – Stock-Chasing Services
898 – Timekeeping Services
899 – Bail-Bonding Services
899 – Commercial Diving Services
899 – Commercial Testing-Laboratory Services
899 – Diving Services, Commercial
899 – Equipment Rental-and-Leasing Services
899 – Laboratory Services, Commercial Testing
899 – Lettering Services
899 – Message Services, Telephone
899 – Messenger Services
899 – Press Clipping Services
899 – Rental and Leasing Equipment Services
899 – Reporting Service, News
899 – Sign Painting-and-Lettering Services
899 – Testing-Laboratory Services, Commercial
899 – Trading-Stamp Services
899 – News-Reporting Services
899 – Telephone Message Services
901 – Babysitting Services
901 – Chauffeuring Services
901 – Domestic Services
901 – Gardening Services, Domestic
901 – Maid Services
902 – Camp Services
902 – Hotel Services
902 – Lodging Services
902 – Rooming-House Services
902 – Trailer-Park Services
903 – Beverage Services
903 – Catering Services
903 – Food Services
903 – Meal Services, except Domestic
904 – Barbering Services
904 – Beauty Services
905 – Baggage-Handling Services
905 – Building-Cleaning Services
905 – Chimney-Cleaning Services
905 – Floor-Waxing Services
905 – Janitorial Services
905 – Portexing Services
905 – Window-Cleaning Services
905 – Waxing Services, Floor
906 – Apparel and Furnishing Services
906 – Diaper-Supply Services
906 – Dry-Cleaning Services
906 – Dyeing Services
906 – Garment-Storage Services
906 – Linen-Supply Services
906 – Laundry Services
906 – Pressing Services
906 – Shoeshine Services
906 – Storage Services, Garment
907 – Crematory Services
907 – Funeral Services
909 – Clothing, Rental Services
909 – Dating Services
909 – Escort Services
909 – Health-Spa Services
909 – Massage Services
909 – Spa Services, Health
909 – Steam-Bath Services
911 – Casting Services, Motion Picture
911 – Developing Services, Motion Picture Film
911 – Directing Services, Motion Picture
911 – Distribution Services, Motion Picture
911 – Editing Services, Film
911 – Film-Editing Services
911 – Motion-Picture Casting and Directing Services
911 – Motion-Picture Developing and Printing Services
911 – Motion-Picture Film Editing Services
911 – Motion-Picture Production and Distribution Services
911 – Motion-Picture Rental Services
911 – Printing Services, Motion Picture
911 – Production Services, Motion Picture
911 – Rental Services, Motion Picture
911 – Ticket-Taking Services, Motion Picture
911 – Ushering Services, Motion Picture
912 – Booking Services, Theater
912 – Casting Services, Theater
912 – Design, Costume
912 – Costume-Design Services
912 – Lighting Services, Theatrical
912 – Production, Theater Services
912 – Scenery-Design Services
912 – Scenery-Lighting Services
912 – Theater-Booking and Casting Services
912 – Theater Services
912 – Ticket-Agency Services
912 – Ticket-Taking Services, Theater
912 – Ushering Services, Theater
913 – Athletes
913 – Billiard-Parlor Services
913 – Bowling-Alley Services
913 – Coaches, Athletic
913 – Golf Club (Sports Services)
913 – Racetrack Services
913 – Rental Services, Sports Equipment
913 – Sports Equipment, Rental Services
913 – Sports-Participants Services
913 – Sports Services
913 – Trainers, Athletic
919 – Amusement-Arcade Services
919 – Amusement-Park Services
919 – Ballroom Services
919 – Carnival Services
919 – Dancehall Services
919 – Gambling Services
919 – Guide Services, Tourist
919 – Tourist-Guide Services
919 – Zoological Garden Services
921 – Physician Services
921 – Physician Surgical Services
921 – Surgical Services, Physician
922 – Dental Services
922 – Dental Surgical Services
922 – Surgical Services, Dental
923 – Chiropractic Services
923 – Optometric Services
924 – Dietetic Services
924 – Nursing Services
924 – Therapeutic Services
925 – Clerical Laboratory Services
925 – Dental-Hygiene Services
925 – Health-Technological Services
925 – Laboratory Services, Clinical
925 – Radiological Services
926 – Medical Aid Services
926 – Medical Assistant Services
926 – Medical Attendant Services
929 – Ambulance Services
929 – Veterinary Services
931 – Advising Services, Farm and Home
931 – Educational Services
931 – Farm-Advising Services
931 – Home Advising Services
931 – Lecturing Services
931 Vocational-Training Services
931 – Training Services, Vocational
932 – Legal Services
933 – Archival Services
933 – Library Services
933 – Museum Services
941 – Adoption Services
941 – Disaster Services
941 – Family Location Services
941 – Homemaking Services
941 – Old-Age-Assistance Services
941 – Refugee Services
941 – Social Services
941 – Travelers’-Aid Services
941 – Welfare Services
941 – Welfare Services
942 – Adult Day and Residential Care Services
942 – Child Day-Care and Residential-Care Services
942 – Day-Care Services, Child and Adult
942 – Foster Home Services
942 – Nursery School Services
942 – Orphanage Services
942 – School Services, Nursery
942 – School Services, Training
942 – Rest Home Services
942 – Training-School Services
942 – Residential-Care Services, Adult/Child
943 – Employment Services
943 – Interviewing Services
943 – Placement Services
943 – Recruitment Services
944 – Ministerial Services
944 – Spiritual Services
949 – Parole Services
949 – Probation Services
951 – Armored-Car Services
951 – Crime-Correction Services
951 – Fire Protection Services
951 – Police Protection Services
951 – Property Security Services
951 – Protection Services (except Military)
951 – Protection Services, Fire and Police
951 – Protection Services, Wildlife
951 – Security Property Services
951 – Wildlife-Protection Services
952 – Military Services
953 – Customs Services
953 – Drug-Control Services
953 – Drug-Regulatory-Law Investigation Services
953 – Environmental Regulatory Law Investigation and Control Services
953 – Food Control Services
953 – Housing-Control Services
953 – Health-Control Services
953 – Immigration Services
953 – Investigation and Control Services, Regulatory Law
953 – Licensing Services
953 – Regulatory Law Control Services
953 – Regulatory Law Investigation Services
953 – Safety Control & Investigation Services
953 – Revenue Services
954 – Postal Services
961 – Automobile-Parking & Storage Services
961 – Automobile Services, except Maintenance and Repair
961 – Automobile-Towing Services
961 – Automobile-Undercoating Services
961 – Automobile-Washing Services
961 – Parking Services
961 – Storage Services, Automobile
961 – Towing Services, Automobile
961 – Washing Services, Automobile
961 – Undercoating Services, Automobile
962 – Deodorizing Services
962 – Decontaminating Services
962 – Exterminating Services
969 – Elevator Services
969 – Gardening Services, Commercial
969 – Groundskeeping Services
969 – Landscaping Services
969 – Taxidermy Services
Work Field Code. The Work Field Code is found in the Handbook for Analyzing Jobs which defines the work field code as “categories of technologies that reflect how work gets done and what gets done as a result of the work activities of a job: the purpose of the job.” There are 96 work field three-digit codes. Like a MPSMS code, a job may be classified with more than one Work Field code. Also like a MPSMS code, a Work Field code is not a part of a job title description in either the DOT or the SCO. Instead individual judgment is used to determine which Work Field code(s) applies to a particular job. The Skilltran company has determined and included Work Field codes in its Job Brower Pro vocational software.
Occupation Group Code. The Occupation Group Code is the first three digits of the 9-digit Occupational Code. The 9-digit Occupational Code is what most people regard as the “DOT code.” For example, the 9-digit Occupational Code for a Trailer-Rental Clerk is 295.467-022. The Occupational Group Code is 295 – Rental Clerks. The Occupational Code and Occupational Group Code is found in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, Selected Characteristics of Occupations, Revised Handbook for Analyzing Jobs, and the Guide for Occupational Exploration – Occupational Group Code. The purpose fo the Occupational Group Code is to classify jobs by occupation.
70 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND REPAIR OF METAL PRODUCTS, N.E.C. RELATED PRODUCTS
701 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND REPAIR OF TOOLS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
703 – OCCUPATIONS IN ASSEMBLY AND REPAIR OF SHEETMETAL PRODUCTS, N.E.C.
704 – ENGRAVERS, ETCHERS, AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS
705 – FILING, GRINDING, BUFFING, CLEANING, AND POLISHING OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C.
706 – METAL UNIT ASSEMBLERS AND ADJUSTERS, N.E.C.
709 – MISCELLANEOUS OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND REPAIR OF METAL PRODUCTS, N.E.C.
71 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF SCIENTIFIC, MEDICAL, PHOTOGRAPHIC, OPTICAL, HOROLOGICAL, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
710 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING,CONTROLLING, AND INDICATING PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
711 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
712 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF SURGICAL, MEDICAL, AND DENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND SUPPLIES
713 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF OPHTHALMIC GOODS
714 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
715 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF WATCHES, CLOCKS, AND PARTS
716 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT, N.E.C.
719 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL APPARATUS,PHOTOGRAPHIC AND OPTICAL GOODS, HOROLOGICAL, AND RELATED PRODUCTS, N.E.C.
72 OCCUPATIONS IN ASSEMBLY AND REPAIR OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
720 – OCCUPATIONS IN ASSEMBLY AND REPAIR OF RADIO AND TELEVISION RECEIVING SETS AND PHONOGRAPHS
721 – OCCUPATIONS IN ASSEMBLY AND REPAIR OF MOTORS, GENERATORS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
722 -OCCUPATIONS IN ASSEMBLY AND REPAIR OF COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT
723 – OCCUPATIONS IN ASSEMBLY AND REPAIR OF ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES AND FIXTURES
724 – OCCUPATIONS IN WINDING AND ASSEMBLING COILS, MAGNETS, ARMATURES, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
725 – OCCUPATIONS IN ASSEMBLY OF LIGHT BULBS AND ELECTRONIC TUBES
726 -OCCUPATIONS IN ASSEMBLY AND REPAIR OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES, N.E.C.
727 – OCCUPATIONS IN ASSEMBLY OF STORAGE BATTERIES
728 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION OF ELECTRICAL WIRE AND CABLE
729 – OCCUPATIONS IN ASSEMBLY AND REPAIR OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT, N.E.C.
73 OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF PRODUCTS MADE FROM ASSORTED MATERIALS
730 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS AND PARTS
731 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF GAMES AND TOYS
732 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF SPORTING GOODS
733 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF PENS, PENCILS, AND OFFICE AND ARTISTS’ MATERIALS, N.E.C.
734 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF NOTIONS
735 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF JEWELRY, N.E.C.
736 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES
737 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION OF AMMUNITION, FIREWORKS, EXPLOSIVES, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
739 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF PRODUCTS MADE FROM ASSORTED MATERIALS, N.E.C.
74 – PAINTING, DECORATING, AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS
740 – PAINTERS, BRUSH
741 – PAINTERS, SPRAY
742 – STAINING, WAXING, AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS
749 – PAINTING, DECORATING, AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C.
75 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF PLASTICS, SYNTHETICS, RUBBER, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
750 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF TIRES, TUBES, TIRE TREADS, ANDRELATED PRODUCTS
751 – LAYING OUT AND CUTTING OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C.
752 – FITTING, SHAPING, CEMENTING, FINISHING, AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C.
753 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF RUBBER AND PLASTIC FOOTWEAR
754 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS
759 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF PLASTICS, SYNTHETICS, RUBBER, AND RELATED PRODUCTS, N.E.C.
76 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF WOOD PRODUCTS
760 – BENCH CARPENTERS AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS
761 – OCCUPATIONS IN LAYING OUT, CUTTING, CARVING, SHAPING, AND SANDING WOOD PRODUCTS, N.E.C.
762 – OCCUPATIONS IN ASSEMBLING WOOD PRODUCTS, N.E.C.
763 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF FURNITURE, N.E.C.
764 – COOPERAGE OCCUPATIONS
769 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF WOOD PRODUCTS, N.E.C.
77 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF SAND, STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
770 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF JEWELRY, ORNAMENTS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
771 – STONE CUTTERS AND CARVERS
772 – GLASS BLOWING, PRESSING, SHAPING, AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C.
773 – OCCUPATIONS IN COLORING AND DECORATING BRICK, TILE, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
774 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF POTTERY AND PORCELAIN WARE
775 – GRINDING, FILING, POLISHING, FROSTING, ETCHING, CLEANING, AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C.
776 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF ASBESTOS AND POLISHING PRODUCTS, ABRASIVES, AND RELATED MATERIALS
777 – MODELMAKERS, PATTERNMAKERS, MOLDMAKERS, AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS
779 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF SAND, STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS, N.E.C.
78 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF TEXTILE, LEATHER, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
780 – OCCUPATIONS IN UPHOLSTERING AND IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF STUFFED FURNITURE, MATTRESSES, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
781 – LAYING OUT, MARKING, CUTTING, AND PUNCHING OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C.
782 – HAND SEWERS, MENDERS, EMBROIDERERS, KNITTERS, AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C.
783 – FUR AND LEATHER WORKING OCCUPATIONS
784 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF HATS, CAPS, GLOVES, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
785 – TAILORS AND DRESSMAKERS
786 – SEWING MACHINE OPERATORS, GARMENT
787 – SEWING MACHINE OPERATORS, NONGARMENT
788 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF FOOTWEAR
789 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION AND REPAIR OF TEXTILE, LEATHER, AND RELATED PRODUCTS, N.E.C.
79 – BENCHWORK OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C.
790 – OCCUPATIONS IN PREPARATION OF FOOD, TOBACCO, AND RELATED PRODUCTS, N.E.C.
794 – OCCUPATIONS IN FABRICATION OF PAPER PRODUCTS, N.E.C.
795 – GLUING OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C.
8 – STRUCTURAL WORK OCCUPATIONS
80 – OCCUPATIONS IN METAL FABRICATING, N.E.C.
800 – RIVETERS, N.E.C.
801 – FITTING, BOLTING, SCREWING, AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS
804 – TINSMITHS, COPPERSMITHS, AND SHEET METAL WORKERS
805 – BOILERMAKERS
806 – TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT ASSEMBLERS AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS
922 – OCCUPATIONS IN MOVING AND STORING MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS, N.E.C.
929 – PACKAGING AND MATERIALS HANDLING OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C.
93 – OCCUPATIONS IN EXTRACTION OF MINERALS
930 – EARTH BORING, DRILLING, CUTTING, AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS
931 – BLASTING OCCUPATIONS
932 – LOADING AND CONVEYING OPERATIONS
933 – CRUSHING OCCUPATIONS
934 – SCREENING AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS
939 – OCCUPATIONS IN EXTRACTION OF MINERALS, N.E.C.
95 – OCCUPATIONS IN PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF UTILITIES
950 – STATIONARY ENGINEERS
951 – FIRERS AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS
952 – OCCUPATIONS IN GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER
953 – OCCUPATIONS IN PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF GAS
954 – OCCUPATIONS IN FILTRATION, PURIFICATION, AND DISTRIBUTION OF WATER
955 – OCCUPATIONS IN DISPOSAL OF REFUSE AND SEWAGE
956 – OCCUPATIONS IN DISTRIBUTION OF STEAM
959 – OCCUPATIONS IN PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF UTILITIES, N.E.C.
96 – AMUSEMENT, RECREATION, MOTION PICTURE, RADIO AND TELEVISION OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C.
960 – MOTION PICTURE PROJECTIONISTS
961 – MODELS, STAND-INS, AND EXTRAS, N.E.C.
962 – OCCUPATIONS IN MOTION PICTURE, TELEVISION, AND THEATRICAL PRODUCTIONS, N.E.C.
969 – MISCELLANEOUS AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C.
97 – OCCUPATIONS IN GRAPHIC ART WORK
970 – ART WORK OCCUPATIONS, BRUSH, SPRAY, OR PEN
971 – PHOTOENGRAVING OCCUPATIONS
972 – LITHOGRAPHERS AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS
973 – HAND COMPOSITORS, TYPESETTERS, AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS
974 – ELECTROTYPERS, STEREOTYPERS, AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS
976 – DARKROOM OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C.
977 – BOOKBINDERS AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS
979 – OCCUPATIONS IN GRAPHIC ART WORK, N.E.C.
Industry Designation. The industry designation follows the occupation’s name in the DOT and SCO. In the DOT example from above, the industry designation is (machine shop):
An example in the SCO can be seen for the job of a Reader which is “(motion picture; radio-tv broad.)”:
How To Cross Examine A Vocational Expert (VE) Regarding Skills And Transferable Skills
Five Point Skills Analysis/Cross-Examination
First – Take notes. Write down 1) the claimant’s PRW the VE identified, specifically, which jobs generated transferable “skills”; 2) the “skills” the claimant learned from his PRW; and 3) each individual job to which the VE said the “skills” transfer – other work.
Second – Notify the ALJ and VE. Tell the ALJ and the VE you are going to cross the VE about Social Security’s definition of a skill and the 8-step skill transferability process. This is important for two reasons. First, most ALJ’s and VE’s are not aware of either. Second, the cross-examination on these issues is long. Hopefully, if you provide a roadmap of your cross that concerns legally required criteria, you can avoid an ALJ interruption asking you “where you are going with this,” and ALJ and VE annoyance regarding the length and detail of your cross. It is often an unfortunate reality that a supplemental hearing is necessary.
Third – The claimant’s PRW must be correct. Commonly, several DOT descriptions will fit a particular job. It is also common that some DOT descriptions are so close to one another that a better description is appropriate to the claimant’s PRW. This issue here is this: if the claimant’s PRW is misidentified, and the claimant is determined to perform work duties and “skills” he did not perform, the entire skills and skill transferability analysis will be off.
Fourth – The claimant must have performed the VE identified “skills” in his PRW. The claimant may have performed the job the VE identified, but not the specific “skills” the VE identified. If the claimant did not perform the specific “skills” the VE identified, make sure to get the VE to admit that point.
Fifth – The VE identified “skills” must satisfy Social Security’s definition of a skill.
Ask the VE to identify Social Security’s definition of a skill. Rarely, will the VE get this right. If they get it wrong, it proves they do not know Social Security’s definition of a skill, and that gives you the high ground in your cross. Regardless of whether they know the definition of a skill or not, you must cross-examine the VE on each identified “skill” to determine if it meets the three-point criteria in SSR 82-41 and four-point definition in POMS 25001.001 and 25015.017; the most precise criteria of both definitions is the 30-day rule.
It is helpful to know why the VE thinks an identified “skill” meets Social Security’s definition of a skill. The VE will usually come to this conclusion in one of the following three ways:
His Job Brower Pro vocational software identified the “skill” as part of the job description (most common). However, these skills are not based on Social Security’s definition of a skill.
The job has an SVP of 3 or more, and the VE simply cites job duties implying each job duty is therefore a “skill” (common).
The VE is actually aware of Social Security’s definition of a skill (least common).
Two Point Transferrable Skills Analysis/Cross-Examination
First. Determine for both the PRW and the VE identified job the –
Degree of skill (the same or less);
Tools and machines used; and
Raw materials, products, and processes used.
Degree of Transferability #1 – The PRW and the VE identified job must share similarity with all three points.
Degree of Transferability #2 – The PRW and the VE identified job must have very little, if any, vocational adjustment with all three points.
Second. Determine whether the PRW and the identified job have at least one of the same or similar –